- Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwelapha
- Ukusetshenziswa kobunjiniyela bezicubu
- Isicelo sokusha
- Uhlelo lokusebenza lobuhle
I-Collagen iwuhlobo lwamaprotheni amhlophe, afiphele, angenagatsha, atholakala ikakhulukazi esikhunjeni, emathanjeni, esikhunjeni, emazinyweni, emathanjeni, emithanjeni nasemithanjeni yegazi yezilwane.Kuyiprotheni yesakhiwo ebaluleke kakhulu yezicubu ezixhumeneyo, futhi idlala indima ekusekeleni izitho nokuvikela umzimba.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhipha i-collagen kanye nokucwaninga okujulile ngesakhiwo nezakhiwo zayo, umsebenzi webhayoloji we-collagen hydrolysates nama-polypeptides uye waqashelwa kabanzi kancane kancane.Ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-collagen sekuyisizinda socwaningo kwezokwelapha, ukudla, izimonyo nezinye izimboni.
I-Collagen iyiphrotheni yemvelo yomzimba.Inobudlelwane obuhle bama-molecule amaprotheni ebusweni besikhumba, i-antigenicity ebuthakathaka, i-biocompatibility enhle nokuphepha kwe-biodegradation.Ingehliswa futhi imunce, futhi inokunamathela okuhle.I-suture yokuhlinza eyenziwe nge-collagen ayinawo amandla aphezulu afanayo njengosilika wemvelo, kodwa futhi inokumuncwa.Uma isetshenziswa, inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuhlanganisa iplatelet, umphumela omuhle we-hemostatic, ukushelela okuhle nokunwebeka.I-junction ye-suture ayikhululekile, izicubu zomzimba azilimazi ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi zinokunamathela okuhle esilondeni.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, isikhathi esifushane sokucindezelwa singafinyelela umphumela owanelisayo we-hemostatic.Ngakho-ke i-collagen ingenziwa ibe yimpuphu, isicaba kanye ne-spongy hemostatic.Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwenziwa noma i-collagen esikhundleni se-plasma, isikhumba sokwenziwa, imithambo yegazi yokwenziwa, ukulungiswa kwamathambo kanye namathambo okwenziwa kanye nabathwali be-enzyme abanganyakazi kuwucwaningo olubanzi kakhulu nokusetshenziswa.
I-Collagen inamaqembu ahlukahlukene asebenzayo ochungechungeni lwayo lwe-peptide yamangqamuzana, njenge-hydroxyl, i-carboxyl kanye namaqembu e-amino, okulula ukumunca nokubopha ama-enzyme namaseli ahlukahlukene ukuze kuzuzwe ukungasebenzi.Inezici zokuhlobana okuhle nama-enzyme namaseli kanye nokuvumelana nezimo okuqinile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-collagen kulula ukuyicubungula futhi yakha, ngakho-ke i-collagen ehlanziwe ingenziwa ibe yizinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokwakha, njenge-membrane, itheyiphu, ishidi, isipontshi, ubuhlalu, njll., kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwefomu le-membrane kubikwa kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwe-biodegradability, ukumuncwa kwezicubu, i-biocompatibility kanye ne-antigenicity ebuthakathaka, ulwelwesi lwe-collagen lusetshenziswa kakhulu ku-biomedicine.Iphinde ibe nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: i-hydrophilicity eqinile, amandla aphezulu okunyakazisa, i-derma-like morphology kanye nesakhiwo, kanye nokungena kahle emanzini nasemoyeni.I-Bioplasticity enqunywa amandla aqinile aphezulu kanye ne-ductility ephansi;Ngamaqembu amaningi asebenzayo, ingaxhunyaniswa ngokufanele ukuze kulawulwe izinga layo lokuwohloka kwemvelo.I-solubility eguquguqukayo (ukuvuvukala);Inomphumela we-synergistic uma isetshenziswa nezinye izakhi ze-bioactive.Ingakwazi ukuxhumana nezidakamizwa;Ukwelashwa okuxhumene noma kwe-enzymatic kokunquma ama-peptide kunganciphisa i-antigenicity, kungahlukanisa ama-microorganisms, kube nemisebenzi yomzimba, njengokuhlangana kwegazi nezinye izinzuzo.
Amafomu okufaka isicelo emtholampilo ayisisombululo esinamanzi, ijeli, igranule, isipontshi nefilimu.Ngokufanayo, lezi zimo zingasetshenziselwa ukukhishwa kancane kwezidakamizwa.Izicelo zokukhishwa kancane kwezidakamizwa ze-collagen ezigunyazwe ukuthi zimakethe futhi ezisathuthukiswayo zigxile kakhulu ekwelashweni kwe-anti-infection kanye ne-glaucoma ku-ophthalmology, ukwelashwa kwendawo ekuhlukumezekeni nasekulawuleni ukutheleleka ekulungiseni amanxeba, i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho ku-gynecology kanye ne-anesthesia yendawo ekuhlinzeni. , njll.
Isatshalaliswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba womuntu, i-collagen iyingxenye ebalulekile kuzo zonke izicubu futhi yakha i-extracellular matrix (ECM), okuwumsebenzi we-tissue scaffold wemvelo.Ngokombono wesicelo somtholampilo, i-collagen isetshenziselwe ukwenza izinhlobonhlobo ze-scaffolds zobunjiniyela bezicubu, njengesikhumba, izicubu zamathambo, uqhoqhoqho kanye nezikafula zemithambo yegazi.Kodwa-ke, i-collagen ngokwayo ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili, okungukuthi ama-scaffolds enziwe nge-collagen ehlanzekile kanye nama-scaffolds ahlanganisiwe enziwe ngezinye izingxenye.Ama-scaffolds onjiniyela bezicubu ze-collagen ahlanzekile anezinzuzo zokuhambisana okuhle kwe-biocompatibility, ukucubungula kalula, ipulasitiki, futhi angakhuthaza ukunamathela kwamangqamuzana nokwanda, kodwa kukhona nokushoda okufana nezakhiwo ezingasebenzi kahle zemishini ye-collagen, okunzima ukuyibumba emanzini, futhi ayikwazi ukusekela ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezicubu. .Okwesibili, izicubu ezintsha endaweni yokulungisa zizokhiqiza ama-enzyme ahlukahlukene, azokhipha i-collagen nge-hydrolyze futhi aholele ekuhlakazweni kwama-scaffolds, okungathuthukiswa ngokuxhumanisa noma ukuhlanganisa.Ama-biomaterials asekelwe ku-collagen asetshenziswe ngempumelelo emikhiqizweni yobunjiniyela bezicubu njengesikhumba sokwenziwa, amathambo okwenziwa, ama-cartilage grafts kanye nama-nerve catheter.Ukukhubazeka kwe-cartilage kuye kwalungiswa kusetshenziswa ama-collagen gels afakwe kuma-chondrocytes futhi kwenziwe imizamo yokunamathisela amangqamuzana e-epithelial, endothelial, nama-corneal kuma-sponges e-collagen ukuze alingane nezicubu ze-corneal.Abanye bahlanganisa amaseli we-stem asuka kumaseli e-autogenous mesenchymal nejeli ye-collagen ukuze enze ama-tendon ukuze kulungiswe i-posttendinous.
Umuthi wesikhumba wokwenziwa owenziwe ngezicubu owenziwe ngezicubu okunamathelayo okhishwa njalo owenziwe ngedermis ne-epithelium ene-collagen njengoba i-matrix isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokulethwa kwezidakamizwa nge-collagen njengengxenye eyinhloko, engabumba isixazululo samanzi se-collagen sibe yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlelo zokulethwa kwezidakamizwa.Izibonelo zifaka izivikeli ze-collagen ze-ophthalmology, izipanji ze-collagen zokusha noma ukuhlukumezeka, izinhlayiya zokulethwa kwamaprotheni, izinhlobo zejeli ze-collagen, izinto zokulawula ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa ngesikhumba, nama-nanoparticles okudluliselwa kwezakhi zofuzo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-substrate yobunjiniyela bezicubu kufaka phakathi uhlelo lwe-cell culture, impahla ye-scaffold yemithambo yegazi yokwenziwa nama-valve, njll.
Ukuxhunyelelwa kwesikhumba okuzenzakalelayo bekuyindinganiso yomhlaba wonke yokwelapha ukusha kwesibili - nesiqu sesithathu.Kodwa-ke, ezigulini ezinokusha okukhulu, ukuntuleka kokuxhunyelelwa kwesikhumba okufanelekile kuye kwaba inkinga enkulu kakhulu.Abanye abantu basebenzise amasu e-bioengineering ukuze bakhulise izicubu zesikhumba zengane kusuka kumaseli esikhumba sengane.Ukusha kuphola ngamazinga ahlukahlukene phakathi kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwezinyanga eziyi-18, futhi isikhumba esisanda kukhula asibonisi i-hypertrophy encane kanye nokumelana.Abanye basebenzisa i-poly-DL-lactate-glycolic acid (PLGA) yokwenziwa kanye ne-collagen yemvelo ukuze kukhule ama-fibroblasts esikhumba somuntu anezinhlangothi ezintathu, okubonisa ukuthi: Amaseli akhula ngokushesha kunezikhala zokwenziwa futhi akhula cishe ngasikhathi sinye ngaphakathi nangaphandle, namangqamuzana andayo futhi aphuma ngaphandle. i-extracellular matrix yayifana kakhulu.Lapho imicu ifakwa ngemuva kwegundane lesikhumba, izicubu zesikhumba zakhula ngemva kwamasonto ama-2, futhi izicubu ze-epithelial zakhula ngemva kwamasonto angu-4.
I-Collagen ikhishwa esikhumbeni sesilwane, isikhumba ngaphezu kwe-collagen iqukethe i-hyaluronic acid, i-chondroitin sulfate namanye ama-proteoglycan, aqukethe inani elikhulu lamaqembu amhlophe, iyisici esithambisayo, futhi inomphumela wokuvimbela i-tyrosine esikhumbeni ukuba iguquke ibe i-melanin, ngakho-ke i-collagen inokuthambisa kwemvelo, i-whitening, i-anti-wrinkle, i-freckle neminye imisebenzi, ingasetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni yobuhle.Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali e-Collagen kanye nokwakheka kwenza kube isisekelo sobuhle.I-Collagen inesakhiwo esifanayo ne-collagen yesikhumba somuntu.Iphrotheni ye-fibrous engancibiliki emanzini equkethe ushukela.Ama-molecule ayo anothile ngenani elikhulu lama-amino acid namaqembu e-hydrophilic, futhi inomsebenzi othile ongaphezulu nokuhambisana okuhle.Ku-70% womswakama ohlobene, ingakwazi ukugcina u-45% wesisindo sayo.Ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi isixazululo esihlanzekile se-collagen esingu-0.01% singakha isendlalelo esihle sokugcina amanzi, sinikeze wonke umswakama odingwa yisikhumba.
Ngokukhula kweminyaka, amandla okwenziwa e-fibroblast ayancipha.Uma isikhumba singenayo i-collagen, izintambo ze-collagen zizoqiniswa, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-intercellular mucoglycans.Isikhumba sizolahlekelwa ukuthamba, ukunwebeka nokucwebezela, okuholela ekugugeni.Uma isetshenziswa njengento esebenzayo ezimonyoni, lesi sakamuva singasakazeka endaweni ejulile yesikhumba.I-tyrosine equkethe ukuncintisana ne-tyrosine esikhumbeni futhi ibophezela esikhungweni se-catalytic se-tyrosinase, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin, ithuthukise umsebenzi we-collagen esikhumbeni, igcine umswakama we-stratum corneum kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo se-fiber. , kanye nokukhuthaza i-metabolism yezicubu zesikhumba.Inomphumela omuhle wokuthambisa kanye nokuthambisa esikhumbeni.Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, i-bovine collagen yomjovo yethulwa okokuqala e-United States ukususa amabala nemibimbi kanye nokulungisa izibazi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-04-2023